Astrapotheres are now basal elephants in the LRT
Astrapotherium magnum
(Burmeister 1879, Hatcher 1901; Paleocene-Miocene, 59-12 mya; 3m long) was considered a South American ungulate and a member of the order, Astrapotheria, by the authors of Wikipedia. They reported, “The history of this order is enigmatic.”
Here
Astrapotherium nests between Anthracobune + Cambaytherium and Numidotherium + Gomphotherium + other elephants.
Click the links to see the updated images.
Like an elephant,
Astrapotherium had large and ever-growing curved incisors (not canines as mistakenly identified earlier). Apparently they scraped against the lower canines during life producing sharp tips. The rostrum was much shorter than the mandibles as in shovel-tusk elephants. The fingers and toes were small and apparently elevated by pads, as in elephants. The narial opening was elevated to the top of the skull to facilitate a trunk.
Astraponotus assymemetrum (Ameghino 1901; Late Eocene 35mya) is a South American taxon nesting with Astropotherium.
On the dentary = mandible
Astrapotherium has canines + smaller incisors. Transitional Numidotherium has larger incisors than canines. Gomphotherium loses the canines on the elongated dentary with longer incisors.
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2026/03/06/astrapotheres-are-now-basal-elephants-in-the-lrt/
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