Landlocked Developing Countries: When Geography Hinders Growth
This geographic disadvantage drives up transport costs, introduces avoidable delays, and exposes LLDCs to any political or economic instability along those corridors.
The results are stark: Average transport costs are more than twice those of neighboring coastal states.
Export opportunities shrink, foreign direct investment falls, and economic growth slows.
When a transit country is itself a developing economy—often the case—intraregional trade remains modest.
The Third United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries, or LLDC3, (Awaza, Turkmenistan, 5 – 8 August 2025) presents a vital opportunity to forge meaningful partnerships that unlock the potential of LLDCs.
Through innovative solutions, strategic collaboration, and targeted investment, the global community can help overcome the unique challenges these countries face. By supporting these countries, we can help to build a more equitable and prosperous future for all.
Why this international day is important
We are at a pivotal moment for the 32 LLDCs across Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America.
Home to over 600 million people, LLDCs face steep development hurdles due to lack of sea access, geographical isolation, and trade costs that are 30% higher than those of coastal countries.
To spotlight these challenges, the UN General Assembly has adopted a resolution proclaiming August 6 as the International Day of Awareness of the Special Development Needs and Challenges of Landlocked Developing Countries.
The first celebration of this Day will take place during the Third Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries in 2025.
- Of the total 32 LLDCs: 16 are located in Africa, 10 are located in Asia, 4 are located in Europe, and 2 are located in Latin America.
- The smallest LLDC is Bhutan (less than one million people) and the largest is Ethiopia (135 million people).
- The average distance of LLDCs to a seaport is 1370 km. Kazakhstan is located farthest from the sea (3750 km) followed by Afghanistan, Chad, Niger, Zambia, and Zimbabwe with distances from the nearest sea coast in excess of 2,000 km.
- The severity of the challenges faced by the LLDCs is further enhanced as 16 of the 32 LLDCs are Least Developed Countries (LDCs).
- Approximately 40% of the urban population in the LLDCs lives in slums – 100 million people.
- More than double the number of people in LLDCs are undernourished compared to the rest of the world.
#Locked Out: Breaking barriers, Driving connectivity
The #LockedOut campaign unites governments, partners, the UN, civil society, and individuals to raise awareness of the unique challenges faced by LLDCs and build global solidarity ahead of the LLDC3 Conference.
The campaign brings attention to how these countries are #LockedOut, shares stories of individuals in landlocked countries that are breaking barriers, and advocates for support across five key areas of focus – transport and connectivity, infrastructure development, digital inclusion, climate action and youth engagement.
*SOURCE: The United Nations. Go to ORIGINAL: https://www.un.org/en/observances/landlocked-developing-countries-day 2025 Human Wrongs Watch
Source: https://human-wrongs-watch.net/2025/08/06/landlocked-developing-countries-when-geography-hinders-growth/
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