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YouTube talk on synapsid muscle scars

Saturday, October 25, 2025 17:01

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Great talk. A few phylogenetic corrections/updates based on ‘the large reptile tree’ http://reptileevolution.com/reptile-tree.htm , which currently includes 2330+ taxa.

@8:53 – Adding taxa does not recover a separate Sauropsida from Synapsida. Rather the first dichotomy after Silvanerpeton, the last common ancestor of all reptiles (Amniota is a junior synonym) recovers a clade Lepidosauromorpha distinct from Archosauromorpha (standard definitions) with Synapsida recovered several nodes into the Archosauromorpha.
@8:53 the first mammal dichotomy splits monotremes from therians. Thereafter placentals appear 3x by convergence. Multituberculate appear in one of those placental clades along with tree shrews, tenrecs, odontocetes, armadillos and rodents.
@9:25 pelycosaurs are not a grade, but a clade. It is inappropriate to describe them as ‘superficially like reptiles’ because they are in the clade ‘Reptilia’ (see note 1).
@9:38 Therapsida is a not a grade, but a clade that includes Mammalia. Same for Cynodontia
@13:58 Dicynodonts and Cynodonts share a last common ancestor in Hipposaurus, so not quite separately evolved. Look for Hipposaurus to have that same muscle scar.
@16:36 Many more taxa are needed in this cladogram, which is correct in many places, but erroneously includes Caseasauria within Synapsida and Gobiconodon within Mammalia – while it omits Hipposaurus and several pre-mammal taxa that pull Gobiconodon outside the Mammalia.
@17:40 Bishop mentions complex and rapid evolution. Adding more taxa should resolve this issue to more closely and more gradually model microevolutionary events.

Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2025/10/26/youtube-talk-on-synapsid-muscle-scars/

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