Vulpavids in the LRT
Vulpavus, its relatives and descendants
are today’s topic, presented to scale in figures 1–4.
Figure 1. Vulpavids 1 include the ‘marsupial’ sabertooths, which nest just within Placentalia1 in the LRT.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids1.jpg?w=73″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids1.jpg?w=250″ class=”size-full wp-image-90601″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids1.jpg” alt=”Figure 1. Vulpavids 1 include the ‘marsupial’ sabertooths, which nest just within Placentalia1 in the LRT. ” width=”584″ height=”2392″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids1.jpg?w=584&h=2392 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids1.jpg?w=73&h=300 73w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids1.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 1. Vulpavids 1 include the ‘marsupial’ sabertooths, which nest just within Placentalia1 in the LRT.
Figure 2. Vulpavids 2 and descendants including Machaeroides, Protictitherium and Daphoenus.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids2.jpg?w=111″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids2.jpg?w=380″ class=”size-full wp-image-90603″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids2.jpg” alt=”Figure 2. Vulpavids 2 and descendants including Machaeroides, Protictitherium and Daphoenus. ” width=”584″ height=”1573″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids2.jpg?w=584&h=1573 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids2.jpg?w=56&h=150 56w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids2.jpg?w=111&h=300 111w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids2.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 2. Vulpavids 2 and descendants including Machaeroides, Protictitherium and Daphoenus.
Figure 3. Vulpavids 3 include Sinopa and Palaeosinopa.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids3.jpg?w=104″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids3.jpg?w=354″ class=”size-full wp-image-90604″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids3.jpg” alt=”Figure 3. Vulpavids 3 include Sinopa and Palaeosinopa.” width=”550″ height=”1589″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids3.jpg 550w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids3.jpg?w=52&h=150 52w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids3.jpg?w=104&h=300 104w” sizes=”(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px” />
Figure 3. Vulpavids 3 include Sinopa and Palaeosinopa.
Figure 4. Vulpavids 4 include the largest in this clade: Pterodon, Kerberos, Apterodon and smallish Masrasector.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids4.jpg?w=126″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids4.jpg?w=429″ class=”size-full wp-image-90607″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids4.jpg” alt=”Figure 4. Vulpavids 4 include the largest in this clade: Pterodon, Kerberos, Apterodon and smallish Masrasector.” width=”584″ height=”1392″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids4.jpg?w=584&h=1392 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids4.jpg?w=63&h=150 63w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids4.jpg?w=126&h=300 126w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/vulpavids4.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 4. Vulpavids 4 include the largest in this clade: Pterodon, Kerberos, Apterodon and smallish Masrasector.
These taxa
(Figs 1–4) nest together in the large reptile tree (LRT, 2328 taxa). The few that preserve post-crania (Figs 5, 6) have a long torso and tail with relativesly short limbs.
Figure 7. Mink-like Vulpavus (Eocene) is the sister to mink-like Caluromys in the LRT. The larger Vulpavus has one fewer molar, a carnassial lower molar, a narrower zygoma, but otherwise similar traits.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/vulpavus588.jpg?w=300″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/vulpavus588.jpg?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-32053″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/vulpavus588.jpg” alt=”Figure 7. Mink-like Vulpavus (Eocene) is the sister to mink-like Caluromys in the LRT. The larger Vulpavus has one fewer molar, a carnassial lower molar, a narrower zygoma, but otherwise similar traits.” width=”584″ height=”495″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/vulpavus588.jpg?w=584&h=495 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/vulpavus588.jpg?w=150&h=127 150w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/vulpavus588.jpg?w=300&h=254 300w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/vulpavus588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 5. Mink-like Vulpavus (Eocene) is the sister to mink-like Caluromys in the LRT. The larger Vulpavus has one fewer molar, a carnassial lower molar, a narrower zygoma, but otherwise similar traits.
Figure 6. Palaeosinopa and Sinopa fossil and skeleton both have a long torso, long tail and relatively short legs.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/palaeosinopa-sinopa2scale588.jpg?w=300″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/palaeosinopa-sinopa2scale588.jpg?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-90612″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/palaeosinopa-sinopa2scale588.jpg” alt=”Figure 6. Palaeosinopa and Sinopa fossil and skeleton both have a long torso, long tail and relatively short legs.” width=”584″ height=”446″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/palaeosinopa-sinopa2scale588.jpg?w=584&h=446 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/palaeosinopa-sinopa2scale588.jpg?w=150&h=115 150w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/palaeosinopa-sinopa2scale588.jpg?w=300&h=229 300w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/palaeosinopa-sinopa2scale588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 6. Palaeosinopa and Sinopa fossil and skeleton both have a long torso, long tail and relatively short legs.
Vulpavus profectus,
(Marsh 1871; Bridgerian, Early to Middle Eocene, AMNH 12626) was considered a primitive miacid, a mink-like basal member of the Placentalia. Here it nests as a descendant of Nasua, the extant coatimundi, which carries its tail erect.
References
Allen JA 1904. Mammals from southern Mexico and Central and South America. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History 20(4): 29-80.
Heinrich RE and Rose KD 1997. Postcranial morphology and locomotor behavior of two early Eocene miacoid carnivorans, Vulpavus and Didymictis. Palaeontology 40:279-305.
Mac Intyre GT 1962. Simpsonictis, a new genus of viverravine miacid (Mammalia, Carnivora). American Museum Novitates 2118: 1-4.
Marsh 0C 1871. Notice of some new fossil mammals and birds from the Tertiary formations of the West. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 2: 120-127.
Mac Intyre GT 1966. The Miacidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) Part 1. The systematics of Ictidopappus and Protictis. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 131(2):115-210.
Matthew WD 1937. Paleocene faunas of the San Juan basin, New Mexico. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, new series 30: 1-510.
Simpson GG 1935. New Paleocene mammals from the Fort Union of Montana. Proceedings of the U. S. National Musem 83: 221-244.
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2024/12/21/vulpavids-in-the-lrt/
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