Pre-odontocetes with deep chevrons and pterosaurs without
Crocodylomorphs, dinosaurs and basal tetrapods all have deep chevrons
= ventrally oriented bones below the tail vertebrae, also known as haemal arches.
Pterosaurs don’t have deep chevrons.
Likewise, most mammals don’t have deep chevrons.
A few do. Think of odontocetes (Fig 1), aardvarks like Orycteropus (Fig 1), sloths like Megatherium, and a few others. Most mammals wag their tail from left to right, following the pattern of their sprawling reptile = cynodont ancestors.
Figure 1. Cherons in the ancestry of odontocetes.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/orycteropus2maiacetus588.jpg?w=258″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/orycteropus2maiacetus588.jpg?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-90188″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/orycteropus2maiacetus588.jpg” alt=”Figure 1. Cherons in the ancestry of odontocetes.” width=”584″ height=”680″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/orycteropus2maiacetus588.jpg?w=584&h=680 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/orycteropus2maiacetus588.jpg?w=129&h=150 129w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/orycteropus2maiacetus588.jpg?w=258&h=300 258w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/orycteropus2maiacetus588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 1. Cherons in the ancestry of odontocetes.
The above graphic
(Fig 1) shows the chevrons in odontocetes and their ancestors according to the large reptile tree (LRT, 2330 taxa).
According to Wikipedia – Haemal Arch
“In reptiles, the caudofemoralis longus muscle, one of the main muscles involved in locomotion, attaches to the lateral sides of the haemal arches.”
Odontocetes lack hind legs
and yet also use their newly evolved = reversal chevrons for locomotion – this time to simultaneously pull the tail toward the belly.
Obviously this is fundamentally different from left-right wagging.
Pterosaurs don’t have much of a caudofemoralis
and some completely lose this once important tetrapod muscle as they lose their tail. New muscles arise from a novel anterior structure, the prepubis, supplementing those arising from anteriorly extended ilia – all to facilitate bipedal locomotion.
We see a prepubis first in Cosesaurus.
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2024/12/04/pre-odontocetes-with-deep-chevrons-and-pterosaurs-without/
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