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Scandentia in the LRT

Wednesday, November 20, 2024 15:54

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According to Wikipedia – Tree shrews = Scandentia
“The tree shrews are small mammals native to the tropical forests of South and Southeast Asia.They make up the entire order Scandentia, which split into two families: the Tupaiidae (19 species, “ordinary” treeshrews), and the Ptilocercidae (one species, the pen-tailed treeshrew).”

Wikipedia also reports the temporal range: Middle Eocene – Recent.
‘Scandentia’ was coined by Wagner, 1855. In the large reptile tree (LRT, 2327 taxa, subset Fig 5) all nest within the Primates as the sister taxa to the Chiroptera = bats.

Figure 1. Tree shrews = Scandentia in the LRT. Anagale, Siamotherium and Tetraclaenodon are extinct. Talpa is the European mole. ” data-image-caption=”

Figure 1. Tree shrews = Scandentia in the LRT. Anagale, Siamotherium and Tetraclaenodon are extinct. Talpa is the European mole.

” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/scandentia588.jpg?w=175″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/scandentia588.jpg?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-89904″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/scandentia588.jpg” alt=”Figure 1. Tree shrews = Scandentia in the LRT. Anagale, Siamotherium and Tetraclaenodon are extinct. Talpa is the European mole.” width=”584″ height=”1001″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/scandentia588.jpg?w=584&h=1001 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/scandentia588.jpg?w=88&h=150 88w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/scandentia588.jpg?w=175&h=300 175w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/scandentia588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />

Figure 1. Tree shrews = Scandentia in the LRT. Anagale, Siamotherium and Tetraclaenodon are extinct. Talpa is the European mole. All nest within the Primates as the sister taxa to the Chiroptera = bats.

In the pre-cladisitic era
Simpson 1945 considered Anagale and the anagalids related to Scandentians. Also in the pre-cladistic era McKenna 1963 provided evidence against that interrelationship (Sargis 2020).

Figure 5. Two small extant traditional tree shrews, Tupaia and Ptilocercus. ” data-image-caption=”

Figure 5. Two small extant traditional tree shrews, Tupaia and Ptilocercus.

” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ptilocercus_tupaia2scale588-1.jpg?w=300″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ptilocercus_tupaia2scale588-1.jpg?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-56457″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ptilocercus_tupaia2scale588-1.jpg” alt=”Figure 5. Two small extant traditional tree shrews, Tupaia and Ptilocercus.” width=”584″ height=”316″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ptilocercus_tupaia2scale588-1.jpg?w=584&h=316 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ptilocercus_tupaia2scale588-1.jpg?w=150&h=81 150w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ptilocercus_tupaia2scale588-1.jpg?w=300&h=162 300w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ptilocercus_tupaia2scale588-1.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />

Figure 2 Two small extant traditional tree shrews, Tupaia and Ptilocercus.

Figure 2. Talpa the Eastern mole nests in the LRT with Herpestes the mongoose. ” data-image-caption=”

Figure 2. Talpa the Eastern mole nests in the LRT with Herpestes the mongoose.

” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/talpa588.jpg?w=300″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/talpa588.jpg?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-24364″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/talpa588.jpg” alt=”Figure 2. Talpa the Eastern mole nests in the LRT with Herpestes the mongoose.” width=”584″ height=”522″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/talpa588.jpg?w=584&h=522 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/talpa588.jpg?w=150&h=134 150w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/talpa588.jpg?w=300&h=268 300w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/talpa588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />

Figure 3. Talpa the Eastern mole nests in the LRT with Tupaia, the tree shrew (Figs 2, 4)

McKenna 1963 wrote,
“New evidence of the dentition of Anagale and a reconsideration of several aspects of known anagalid osteology, the ear region and the feet, remove several crucial reasons for considering the Anagalidae to be specifically related to the Tupaioidea, but do not shed much light on the true affinities of the anagalids.” McKenna discussed the fissured condition of the unguals of Anagale, not fissured in Tupaia. The mole, Talpa, not mentioned by McKenna, also has fissured nails (Figs 3, 4).

Figure 4. The right manus, dorsal view, of Tupaia, the tree shrew, and Talpa, the mole compared. Note the migration and fusion of certain carpal elements. ” data-image-caption=”

Figure 4. The right manus, dorsal view, of Tupaia, the tree shrew, and Talpa, the mole compared. Note the migration and fusion of certain carpal elements.

” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/talpa-tupaia-manus588-1.jpg?w=269″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/talpa-tupaia-manus588-1.jpg?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-89923″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/talpa-tupaia-manus588-1.jpg” alt=”Figure 4. The right manus, dorsal view, of Tupaia, the tree shrew, and Talpa, the mole compared. Note the migration and fusion of certain carpal elements.” width=”584″ height=”651″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/talpa-tupaia-manus588-1.jpg?w=584&h=651 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/talpa-tupaia-manus588-1.jpg?w=135&h=150 135w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/talpa-tupaia-manus588-1.jpg?w=269&h=300 269w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/talpa-tupaia-manus588-1.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />

Figure 4. The right manus, dorsal view, of Tupaia, the tree shrew, and Talpa, the mole compared. Note the migration and fusion of certain carpal elements, but many of the shapes remain the same, including the medial carpals (purple), forming a ‘sixth finger’ or broader wrist in Talpa.

Fissured nails
are scored in the LRT, as sharp hooves or broad hooves.

Figure 6. Subset of the LRT focusing on bats and their primate relatives. ” data-image-caption=”

Figure 6. Subset of the LRT focusing on bats and their primate relatives.

” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/primates2024cladogram.jpg?w=106″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/primates2024cladogram.jpg?w=363″ class=”size-full wp-image-89800″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/primates2024cladogram.jpg” alt=”Figure 6. Subset of the LRT focusing on bats and their primate relatives.” width=”584″ height=”1646″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/primates2024cladogram.jpg?w=584&h=1646 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/primates2024cladogram.jpg?w=53&h=150 53w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/primates2024cladogram.jpg?w=106&h=300 106w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/primates2024cladogram.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />

Figure 5. Subset of the LRT focusing on bats and their primate relatives. Not shown is Tetraclaenodon, which nests with Siamotherium as of today.

This appears to be a novel hypothesis of interrelationships.
If not, please provide a citation so I can promote it here.

References
McKenna MC 1963. New evidence against tupaioid afnities of the mammalian family Anagalidae. American Museum Novitates 2158:1–16.
Sargis EJ 2020. Scandentia J.A. Wagner 1855 [EJ Sargis] converted clade name. Phylonyms. A companion to the PhyloCode. Eds. Queiroz K, Cantino PD and Gauthier JA. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New York.
Simpson GG 1945. The principles of classifcation and a classifcation of mammals. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 85:1–350.
Wagner JA 1855. Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur. Weiger, Leipzig.

wiki/Treeshrew

Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2024/11/21/scandentia-in-the-lrt/

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