El Niño–Southern Oscillation caused the spike in 2023 temperatures, new study found

El Niño infographic [credit: BBC]

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Other theories on the 2023 so-called warming spike are available, but this is the most recent addition to the debate. Humans are exonerated for a change.
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A new study by scientists at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science identified El Niño–Southern Oscillation as the primary cause of the spike in global surface temperature in 2023, not human-induced climate change, says Eurekalert.

The rapid rise in global surface temperature in 2023 led to concerns and speculation among the public and media as to the cause.

“Given the pressing nature of the issue, we wanted to thoroughly investigate the primary cause of last year’s spike in temperatures,” said the study’s lead author Shiv Priyam Raghuraman, who completed the work as a postdoctoral researcher at the Rosenstiel School. “Our experiments showed that when human influences were absent from climate simulations, global warming spikes were still produced.”

The researchers analyzed models that allow the climate to evolve without any influence from human activity to show that there is a 10-percent chance that a spike in temperatures occurs when an El Niño event was preceded by a long La Niña, as it happened in 2022-2023.

Furthermore, nearly all spikes were associated with an El Niño event.

The results indicate that the 2023 warming spike was primarily caused from the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, rather than human-induced global warming events.

In 2023, global temperatures reached unprecedented levels, with many regions experiencing extreme heat, which contributed to one of the hottest years on record.
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El Niño is a climate phenomenon characterized by the periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. It significantly impacts global weather patterns and can lead to environmental and climatic changes.

News release here.
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Image: El Niño infographic [credit: BBC]