Three Year Anniversary of U.S. New Home Affordability Crisis

Three years ago, U.S. mortgage rates surged past the point where they put new homes outside of the affordable reach of the typical American household. Combined with the Biden-era inflation of new home prices, the majority of American households have not been able to afford the typical new home sold in the U.S. since March 2022.

Put another way, March 2025 represents the 36th consecutive month in which the monthly mortgage payment for the median new home sold in the United States would consume more than 36% of the pre-tax income of a household earning the median household income.

That’s the upper threshold of household income that mortgage lenders use to determine whether they will lend to a household that has no other debt. For households that do carry other debt, many lenders prefer their monthly mortgage payments consume no more than 28% of their pre-tax household income.

This isn’t saying much, but there is a bright side in the March 2025 affordability data. At 37.5% of median household income, it is within striking distance of falling below the upper threshold of affordability. The latest update of our chart tracks the changing relative affordability of the typical new home sold in the U.S. is for the typical American household with respect to the mortgage lending industry’s key affordability thresholds from January 2000 through March 2025.

This affordability factor is based on March 2025′s initial median new home sale price of $403,600, an estimated median household income of $82,971, and an average 30-year conventional mortgage interest rate of 6.65%.

Looking ahead to April 2025, the interest rate for the average 30-year conventional fixed rate mortgage ticked up to 6.73%. Assuming median household income is unchanged, the median sale price of new homes sold in the U.S. would have to fall by 4.6% to $385,000 to cross the upper threshold of affordability for a household in the exact middle of the U.S. income distribution.

Alternatively, if both the median sale price of a new home and median household income remains unchanged, the average mortgage rate would have to decline to about 6.27% for the median new home to drop to the upper limit of affordability.

About the New Home Affordability Crisis

The affordability crisis for new homes has its origin in the high inflation that was unleashed by the Biden-Harris administration’s policies in March 2021. Although it rose slowly at first, the cost of monthly mortgage payment began to skyrocket after December 2021. As a percentage of median household income, the monthly mortgage payment for a new home climbed above the key 36% threshold of relative affordability in April 2022. The relative affordability of new homes has remained above this level for 36 consecutive months.

References

U.S. Census Bureau. New Residential Sales Historical Data. Houses Sold. [Excel Spreadsheet]. Accessed 23 April 2025. 

U.S. Census Bureau. New Residential Sales Historical Data. Median and Average Sale Price of Houses Sold. [Excel Spreadsheet]. Accessed 23 April 2025. 

Freddie Mac. 30-Year Fixed Rate Mortgages Since 1971. [Online Database]. Accessed 9 May 2025. Note: Starting from December 2022, the estimated monthly mortgage rate is taken as the average of weekly 30-year conventional mortgage rates recorded during the calendar month.

Image Credit: Microsoft Copilot Designer. Prompt: “An editorial cartoon of a carnival sign that says you must be able to pay up to 36% of your income to have a mortgage”.